化学物質過敏症患者の症状発現時の行動および症状と 化学物質への曝露との関係
Responsible chemicals and behaviors for hypersensitive symptoms in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity

篠原直秀 1，柳沢幸雄 1
Naohide Shinohara 1，Yukio Yanagisawa 1

1 東京大学大学院 新領域創成科学研究科 〒113-8656 東京都文京区本郷 7-3-1
1 Institute of Environmental Studies, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan

臨床環境医学, 13(2): 93-101. 2005.
Japanese Journal of Clinical Ecology, 13(2): 93-101. 2005.

[ABSTRACT]

化学物質過敏症患者38人を対象として，active sampling法とpassive sampling法を併用したAS/PS試験によって，過敏症状を誘発する化学物質とその濃度を測定した。行動や症状の記録も同時に行い，過敏症状を誘発した化学物質との関連を探った。4分の1以上の患者において過敏症状を誘発する化学物質となったのは，ホルムアルデヒド，トルエン，アセトアルデヒドであった。主な症状は，頭痛，喉痛，吐き気，目の違和感，めまいであり，その際の行動は，排気ガス臭がした，閉めきった部屋にいた，タバコ臭がした，印刷物を読んだ，物置/押入れを開けたというものであった。過敏症状を誘発した化学物質と症状の比較からは，両者の関係が患者ごとに大きく異なることが示唆された。過敏症状を誘発した化学物質と行動の関係では，p-ジクロロベンゼンおよびm/p-キシレンと物置/押入れを開けるという行動との間に有意な関係が認められた。さらに患者の通常生活時の曝露濃度は，どの物質に関しても同居している健常者より有意に低い範囲に分布しており，患者の日常生活が不自由なものであることが明らかになった。

The volatile chemicals responsible for inducing hypersensitivity in 38 multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) patients were identified by the Active sampling/Passive sampling (AS/PS) method. The active sampling method was used to obtain the exposure levels during suffering from the hypersensitivity, while the passive sampling method was used to measure the patient's personal exposure levels for the entire periods of monitoring. These responsible chemicals were compared with the kinds of symptoms and their activities during which the patient had hypersensitivity symptoms. The exposures of those not suffering from MCS (non-MCS individuals) and those living with patients (N=15) were also measured at the same time. For more than one-quarter patients, formaldehyde, toluene and acetaldehyde were identified as the responsible chemicals for the symptoms. Major symptoms were headache, throat pain, nausea， eye irritation, and dizziness. The hypersensitivity of the patients were associated with the exposure such as the exhaust gas and the tobacco smoke, the activities such as staying in a room without ventilation, reading a printed sheet, and opening the closet or drawer. The causal relationship between the responsible chemicals for symptoms and the kinds of symptoms was suggested to be widely different among patients. Chi-square test showed that opening the closet or drawer was significantly related to the patients whose responsible chemicals were p-dichlorobenzene and m/p-xylene. Wilcoxon's matched pairs rank test showed that the weekly exposure levels of MCS patients were statistically lower than those of non-MCS individuals who lived with MCS patients for the almost chemicals.

[Keywords]

化学物質過敏症（MCS)，行動，症状，揮発性化学物質, アクティブ/パッシブ法

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)， Behavior， Symptoms， Volatile chemicals， AS/PS method